As July 1,  2017 approaches,  thoughts go back 50 years to the Centennial Canada Day celebrations. For Terry Crawford of Railton, another day, 5 days after Canada Day ‘67, comes to mind.

On that day, July 5, 1967 Queen Elizabeth and Prince Phillip made a short stop in Kingston as part of their Centennial tour of the country. The tour began on June 29th, and featured the Queen presiding over Canada Day in Ottawa, travel via the Royal Brittania to Montreal where the royal couple toured Expo‘67 and decided to take a mono-rail tour of the site, causing no end of nervousness among Expo ‘67 officials and the royal security team. A lesser known add-on that trip was a quick visit to Kngston on July 5, the last day of the trip. The Kingston visit is only commemorated through a postal first day cover from that day in Kingston, and all other accounts cover only the visits to Ottawa and Montreal.

But Terry Crawford remembers that stop in Kingston well. At the time he was a member of the Scouts, and he was working hard for the highest designation in scouting, the status as a Queen Scout.

“When it came to making a presentation to the Queen, who is the patron of scouting throughout the commonwealth, they wanted a girl scout, a brownie, a sea cadet and a boy scout to make a presentation to her. They did not want a Queen Scout to represent the boy scouts, but someone who was just below that level, and I fit the bill. I was asked if I would make the presentation,” Terry Crawford said, over the phone last week.

The presentation took place on the waterfront, by Murney Tower, where a large crowd gathered to catch a glimpse of the royal couple.

“The whole area between King Street and the Lake was full of people. It was a massive crowd. We were told what to do, and it was all going to end with a picture with the Queen. I remember being a bit nervous. I remember shaking hands with Prince Philip and him saying something about ‘it’s a great country.’ He’s right, it is a great country.”

Terry remembers that day clearly, and he also has some mementos to remind him what the day was like. One of them is the photo that is reproduced with this article.

“I also still have the cap I was wearing that day,” he said

Terry lived Harrowsmith until 1974 and has lived in the Sydenham area since then. He made his career in the utility industry.

The new Railway Heritage Walkway in Sharbot Lake is a series of twelve informative signs at historic spots along the former trackbed through the village, from the site of the old Road 38 railway overpass, to the "Wye" south of the causeway (where trains could do a three-point turn.) On Saturday, June 3 at 11:00 AM, an Inaugural Walk will be held along the Walkway, starting at the caboose in Railway Park.

The group tour will be led by Gene Kirkham, a former resident of Sharbot Lake, and will pass signs recalling former landmarks such as the water tower, the Union Hotel, and the spot where the Kingston & Pembroke tracks headed north to Renfrew.

The project was undertaken by the Central Frontenac Railway Heritage Society, and the cost of printing the signs and fabricating and installing the steel signposts was funded by a grant from the Ontario Trillium Foundation.

Many hours of research went into searching for photos and verifying the information on each sign. One challenge was sorting village lore from historical fact, and some details may never be verified.

Was the original railway station (across the street from the beach) turned into a store, or did it burn down before the new station was built in 1884? Other stories included on the signs are factual but not widely known, such as the story behind Benton's Cut, between the Medical Centre and the causeway.

The rock cut is named for Chancy Benton, a young K & P foreman who was crushed to death at that spot in 1877 when he fell off a car loaded with rails. The Inaugural Walk will leave from the caboose, rain or shine, and take up to one hour to reach the causeway, where rides will be available back to Railway Park.

They had to break out the extra chairs as a capacity crowd filled Clar-Mill Hall in Plevna last Saturday to celebrate the rich history of lodges in North Frontenac.

The afternoon began with guests invited to browse the various exhibits before CMCA coordinator Brenda Martin welcomed the crowd with her opening remarks.

Martin pointed to the various exhibits spread around the hall showcasing all 63 lodges that have existed within the boundaries of the Township and a couple from without.

“We’ve covered all 63 and even went slightly outside of the Township because of the connection with Plevna,” she said. “These lodges have provided economic benefits for years and many are over 100 years old.

“Twenty-four of the lodges are historic but 39 are still active.”

Martin said the project follows on the history of Lodges and the materials collected will be donated in binders to the Clarendon and Miller Community Archives and the plan is to also create a booklet from the material.

“The displays will be available to active lodges,” she said.

Martin acknowledged the hours of student help as well as a Township grant that got things up and running and the hope for a federal grant to buy computer equipment to digitize the project.

“We’re all about community,” she said. “When we asked for help, boy did we get it.”

“Preserving our heritage and history is paramount to remembering for future generations,” said Mayor Ron Higgins. “It is our building of pride of ownership in our community that will attract visitors.”

Higgins also announced they’ve been approved for a Community Foundation of Kingston grant but couldn’t give any details until the ‘official’ announcement May 15.

Jere and Marianne Motto presented donated the original land titles documents for Land O'Lakes Lodge and perhaps the most poignant moment of the afternoon came when Ed Giffin of Tumblehome Lodge read a poem read a poem by Skip Moyst, who couldn’t attend because of flooding.

Then it was time for “special guest” and keynote speaker/entertainer Neville Wells, who “grew up in Ompah” at the Mosque Lake Lodge.

Wells, who was the Country Music Person of the Year in 1984 for the Canadian Country Music Association told stories about “growing up in the lodge environment” when $6 a day bought accommodation, three meals and a boat as well as his 35 cents/hour wages “contributing heavily to the local economy.”

Wells told of the Ompah dances on Saturday nights where “Neil (fiddle) and Flora Perry (slide guitar) were the orchestra.

“I don’t care what people say, it was better in those days.”

“The cute little stories are what we remember,” said Martin.

Committee of the Whole has been discussing the creation of a new Heritage Committee to advise and assist with matters related to the community’s heritage. Prior to formalizing such a committee, Council has asked Forbes Symon, Manager of Development Services, to arrange for public consultation.

Symon has proposed that a notice be put in the township’s weekly newspaper banner outlining the proposed role and duties of such a committee, and directing residents to the township website where they could indicate whether or not they thought that a Heritage Committee would be a good idea. Results of this survey would then be passed to Council via the Development Services Committee and then Committee of the Whole.

McDougall and Barbeau both suggested that some form of public meeting might draw out broader feedback from the community. Barbeau also asked if a text box for comments might also be added to the simple yes/no question, and CAO Orr suggested a separate open house for further community information and response might be preferable to adding another agenda item to a summer COW meeting, which usually has a full agenda.

Mayor Vandewal said it will also be important to look at whether the community would be in favour of directing some financial resources to such a committee.

CFDC Proposed Project
In the 2017 budget, Council approved a $20,000 grant for the Frontenac CFDC (Community Futures Development Corporation) to undertake an economic development initiative for South Frontenac. It is anticipated that this grant could be leveraged to secure additional funds from other sources. Discussions have focussed on designing a project that would advance South Frontenac’s local food economy. A number of food processors in Southern Frontenac have identified gaps in the infrastructure and services they need to grow their businesses.

The Frontenac CFDC has drawn up a proposal to work with the Township to survey South Frontenac producers and processors for needs and resources, and look at ways connections could be made, and needs addressed.

Councillor Sleeth warned that the focus should be broad enough to include not only organic food producers, but also ‘ordinary farms’. Symon said that the term ‘local’ was very broad, and had many meanings. COW members agreed that this project should be sent on to Council for final approval.

Enforcement of Residential Tenancies Act
As of July 2018, the province’s Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (MMAH) is handing down the enforcement of the Residential Tenancies Act to the local municipalities. Currently, South Frontenac budgets $2,000 to pay the costs of this work by the MMAH, and it’s estimated that this should be sufficient to cover purchasing enforcement services from our present municipal by-law enforcement service providers. The township will review the actual cost of enforcement for 12 months and adjust the annual budget accordingly.

Township Road Closures Due to Flooding: Not!
Mayor Vandewal and several Councillors agreed with Public Works Manager Segsworth’s recent comment that the phones had been “eerily quiet” this past week in regard to flooded roads and washouts. There was general agreement that this was a very positive result of the preventive maintenance that has been carried out in recent years by the Township’s Roads Department.

Committee of the Whole has been discussing
the creation of a new Heritage
Committee to advise and assist with matters
related to the community’s heritage.
Prior to formalizing such a committee,
Council has asked Forbes Symon, Manager
of Development Services, to arrange
for public consultation.
Symon has proposed that a notice be put
in the township’s weekly newspaper banner
outlining the proposed role and duties
of such a committee, and directing residents
to the township website where they
could indicate whether or not they thought
that a Heritage Committee would be a good
idea. Results of this survey would then be
passed to Council via the Development
Services Committee and then Committee
of the Whole.
McDougall and Barbeau both suggested
that some form of public meeting might
draw out broader feedback from the community.
Barbeau also asked if a text box for
comments might also be added to the simple
yes/no question, and CAO Orr suggested
a separate open house for further community
information and response might be
preferable to adding another agenda item
to a summer COW meeting, which usually
has a full agenda.
Mayor Vandewal said it will also be important
to look at whether the community
would be in favour of directing some financial
resources to such a committee.
CFDC Proposed Project
In the 2017 budget, Council approved
a $20,000 grant for the Frontenac CFDC
(Community Futures Development Corporation)
to undertake an economic development
initiative for South Frontenac.
It is anticipated that this grant could be
leveraged to secure additional funds from
other sources. Discussions have focussed
on designing a project that would advance
South Frontenac’s local food economy.
A number of food processors in Southern
Frontenac have identified gaps in the infrastructure
and services they need to grow
their businesses.
The Frontenac CFDC has drawn up a
proposal to work with the Township to survey
South Frontenac producers and processors
for needs and resources, and look
at ways connections could be made, and
needs addressed.
Councillor Sleeth warned that the focus
should be broad enough to include not only
organic food producers, but also ‘ordinary
farms’. Symon said that the term ‘local’ was
very broad, and had many meanings. COW
members agreed that this project should be
sent on to Council for final approval.
Enforcement of Residential Tenancies
Act
As of July 2018, the province’s Ministry
of Municipal Affairs and Housing (MMAH)
is handing down the enforcement of the
Residential Tenancies Act to the local municipalities.
Currently, South Frontenac
budgets $2,000 to pay the costs of this
work by the MMAH, and it’s estimated that
this should be sufficient to cover purchasing
enforcement services from our present
municipal by-law enforcement service providers.
The township will review the actual
cost of enforcement for 12 months and adjust
the annual budget accordingly.
Township Road Closures Due to Flooding:
Not!
Mayor Vandewal and several Councillors
agreed with Public Works Manager Segsworth’s
recent comment that the phones
had been “eerily quiet” this past week in
regard to flooded roads and washouts.
There was general agreement that this
was a very positive result of the preventive
maintenance that has been carried out in
recent years by the Township’s Roads Department.

The third Monday of April just happened to coincide with Easter Monday this spring. Not being certain of how many members or guests might attend our monthly meeting,  we planned a program of general interest. "Bring an Item and Tell a Tale" was a hit.  Some of the more interesting items included the following:

A tiny safety razor in its own leather case that would have been issued to military. It was made small to fit into a soldier's breast pocket.

A Victory Bell said to be made from the metal of a downed WWII German fighter plane and embossed with the faces of Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin.

A five year diary from the early 1940's with writing ever so small and written in real ink! Each page was full to the edges with births, deaths, events and activities.

A wooden coffee grinder that was once used exclusively as a pepper mill.

A radiator cap from an old Buick, complete with it's own built in thermometer, dating to a time before automobiles were built with a heat gauge.

An original copy of "Mary Melville, Psychic" , a story about her sister, written by Flora MacDonald with a notation, in Flora's own hand.

Pioneer hair curlers(strips of rags). Women once used these to create curls or ringlets in their hair for special occasions.

A collector's issue of "Susannah, A Little Girl with the Mounties", written by Muriel Denison. We have a full collection of the Susannah books in the Pioneer Museum.

Another interesting book about the road building in this area and the homesteading it created, called "Footpaths to Freeways."

A fascinating pair of handmade snowshoe miniatures made exactly to scale from thread and preserved with layers of varnish, the only pair in existence.

A geologist's rock hammer, used locally in early mining sites to chip out rock samples. In today's terms, its weight and pointed end make it quite the weapon!

The most giggles of the presentations were generated by a complex unit of electrodes, from 1925, complete with instruction manual and professing to cure headaches, toothaches, intestinal issues, sore feet and every ailment you might imagine. Just change the attachment, plug it in and apply to affected area, with supposedly guaranteed results!

Our next meeting will be on Monday May 15 at 1:00p.m. at the Cloyne Hall. More information on our website www.cloynepioneermuseum.ca. Be sure to come and learn details of our annual gigantic yard sale. The Museum and Archives will be open for business for another season on June 24. That's also the date for a Sesquicentennial celebration at the park in Cloyne, right beside the museum. This is a special day, designed to celebrate Canada's birthday but also the revitalization of the park, complete with entertainment and food! There will be more information on posters and ads coming to you very soon!

Twin Oak Lodge (Kashwakamak Lake)

The story of Twin Oak Lodge starts in 1900 when Anton (Tony) Weiss was born August 21st, in Nandlstadt, Bavaria. Tony immigrated to Canada in 1913 with his parents and eight of his ten siblings. The family landed at Ellis Island and made their way to Canada, having been sponsored by Mathias Myers. Walking for three days from Clarendon Station, carrying all of their worldly possessions, they settled on a farm stead, which is now known as Weiss' Point on Kashawakamak Lake.

Tony worked as a guide at Salmond's Lodge until one day three tourists told him "Hey Tony, if you start your own place, we'd come with you."So, he did. Tony purchased the land across from Weiss' Point, from the man that had bought it from his sister Caroline in the 1920's. He built the main lodge and a few cabins with help from his family and friends. Twin Oak Lodge was established along the north-east shore of Kashwakamak Lake in 1935, south of the hamlet of Fernleigh.

True to their word, the three men who Tony had guided, came and stayed at Twin Oak Lodge. Theresa Weber, Tony's older sister, was the cook at the Lodge, preparing hearty and delicious meals for the growing clientele. The Lodge offered its guests the "American Plan" which meant that meals were included in the stay.

The growing number of guests at Twin Oak Lodge meant that more cabins needed to be built. Twelve cabins of various sizes were constructed and "the boathouse', originally a gathering hall, was later converted into an eight-person cabin and renamed by the guests as "Hotel Cleveland." Later a house-keeping cabin was added as well.
Twin Oak Lodge was known for its excellent food, comfortable cabins, great fishing, and up until the mid 1990's, a wonderful retreat for hunters. In the early days, it was also known for the dances that Tony would host, with local folks and guests alike enjoying live music.

Twin Oak's has always been a family business, with Tony's daughters Mary and Rose helping him from day one. His sister, brothers, grandsons, granddaughters, nieces, nephews, grand nieces and nephews and even great-grand nieces and nephews have worked there.

In 1970, his daughter Mary and husband Arnold took over as owners and the business continued to flourish. Mary's excellent cooking brought in local people to eat dinner alongside the guests, especially for turkey dinners on Wednesday and fried chicken on Sundays. She ran the lodge with Arnold until he passed away in 2002, and then continued on with her son and daughter until she passed away in 2007. Her children continue to run Twin Oak Lodge, and maintain the same level of excellence that it has always been famous for and of course the amazing food.

Tony never advertised … he didn't have to. His three original guests brought their family and friends and these people have continued to come with growing families for four and five generations. A fitting way to run a very family lodge.

In response to a request from Council, the recently-arrived Manager of Development Services, Forbes Symon, presented an outline of some of the purposes of a heritage committee, and the process by which one could be created.

There is a definite community interest in the heritage of the Township: both the Portland District and Area Heritage Society and the Bedford District Historical Society are well established groups. Portland created and operates the South Frontenac Museum, and Bedford has a Research Centre on Westport Road.

Five heritage properties were designated by the former Portland Township.

Council has three options: Maintain status quo, expand the mandates of the current heritage societies, or create an new Heritage Committee.

Should Council choose to create a Heritage Committee they would then, under the act, be required to consult with them on an advisory basis when designating heritage properties or dealing with alterations or demolition of these properties. A committee could initiate programs such as new interpretive plaques of heritage locations and features, and assist Council in the research, education, promotion and celebration of the heritage of the community. “It is commonly held that promotion of a community’s heritage contributes to a sense of place and distinctiveness, enhances the overall attraction of a community as a place to live and visit and is a positive influence on the local economy,” said Symon.

In the discussion that followed, there were concerns about the possibility of historical designations becoming ‘heavy-handed’ and restrictive: Symon said this need not be the case: there are many possible levels of designation to choose from, and a committee would need to do research and provide community information first. Mayor Vandewal spoke of the archival material both in the Township Hall and private collections that could soon be lost, if nothing was done to preserve it. There seemed to be general agreement that a Heritage Committee would be beneficial: this will go to Council to be formalized with a by-law.

Littering and Weekly Newspapers/Flyers
Spring’s here, and with it comes an accumulation of a winter’s worth of roadside litter. Council members brought horror stories of piles of plastic-clad weekly newspapers and flyers to the last COW meeting, asking Symon to look into the problem. After talking with by-law enforcement (distribution of weekly newspapers/flyers is a legal practise under the right to advertise) and distribution managers with Metroland, distributors of the Frontenac Gazette, Symon outlined the company’s policies and practices. Metroland has a detailed code of conduct designed to minimize littering problems, including a policy of sending a cleanup crew out to deal with reports of litter.

In spite of this, Mayor Vandewal and Councillor Barr both gave several examples of papers piling up in ditches and cottage driveways. Symon agreed to further discuss specifics of the problem with Metroland, and suggested that anyone with complaints should be encouraged to phone Metroland directly. However, his report gave no number, and tonight’s attempts to contact the distribution company on the Kingston area part of the website got no further than the “click here” button re delivery issues.

Symon’s report also said, “It is worth noting that the Frontenac News weekly newspaper has a different distribution system and uses Canada Post to deliver their product as mail…copies of the newspaper can also be picked up at various community retail stores.”

Road Name to Honour Memory of Bill Robinson
Council agreed unanimously with the Public Works Department’s proposal to name a newly-created road in Harrowsmith in honour of long-time Portland district Councillor Bill Robinson. The road is part of the reconfiguration of the awkward and dangerous mid-village intersection, a project Robinson was much in favour of. Planner Mills recommended Council set the naming process in motion by holding the required public meeting.

Shooting Range: Buck Bay Road
In December, Mr Adam Rayner came to Council with concerns about a neighbour who operates a shooting range on his abutting property. Mills’ report reveals that this range has been endorsed by previous Councils, following complaints from Rayner, as far back as 1994 and most recently in 2007. Representatives of the Chief Firearms Officer say they have been on the site many times: they have to attend the site before each two-year renewal, and have consistently found the range is fully compliant with the Firearms Act and Regulations. Council agreed with Mayor Vandewal’s opinion that there was little more they could do to resolve what was apparently a long-standing quarrel between neighbours.

Flat terrain, prepared surface--the K&P Canada 150 Bike Ride taking place on May 6th (10 to noon) will be a comfortable ride over historic ground. This family-friendly Bike Ride takes place on the former rail bed abandoned by the Canadian Pacific Railway. Starting from Tichborne, cyclists will travel 10 km each (for a total of 150 km) passing through bush, swamps and over bridges.

The Kingston-Pembroke Railway (known locally as “The Kick and Push”)  once connected a string of small villages that depended on it for commerce as well as for their household goods. The Conboy’s shipped their maple syrup on the railway; Eatons delivered dressers and tables; cattle, fattened on the local farms, ended up in Toronto stockyards .

Formed in 1998, the K&P Trail Group promotes the K&P as a right of way with a free multi-use trail starting at Sydenham Road. No motorized vehicles are allowed. In November 2015, the County of Frontenac, which owns its portion of the trail, completed the section from Harrowsmith to Tichborne. The new section is approximately 20 kilometers long and includes bridges over White Creek, Elbow Creek and Fish Creek. The next phase aims to bring the trail to Sharbot Lake and is expected to be completed in 2018. The K&P Canada 150 Bike Ride is hosted by the SteeleBender Cycle Club and is sponsored by the Railway Heritage Society. Further information at 613 279-2144.

Judd Tooley, Louise Lemke and their Lodge

Clarendon & Miller Community Archives (CMCA) are sharing aspects from their research as an introduction to the public presentation May 6th (1 p.m.) Clar-Miller Hall, Plevna. Visitors can browse the many photo boards and researched documents of North Frontenac Lodges and Housekeeping Cottages. Thanks to The Frontenac News for publishing a three- part series in advance of the event. Information and photos for this article were courtesy of Marilyn White and daughter Nancy Hiscock.
Judd Tooley’s Lodge (Mackie Lake)

Judd Tooley and Louise Lemke were both born and raised in the Plevna area. Judd grew up at Playfair Corners just north of Plevna where his parents Luther and Emma (Wood) lived; Louise at Sand Lake (just west of Plevna) where her family Julius and Carlena (Hartmann) homesteaded.  In the 1920’s, Julius Lemke opened a tourist lodge on Sand Lake and Luther Tooley operated a hunting & fishing lodge on Brule Lake, just north of Plevna off the Mountain Road.

Judd and Louise married and had nine children. For part of their lives, they lived on Gorr’s Mountain about a mile from the junction of Schooner Road and Mountain Road. Here the family logged, farmed, raised cattle, and eventually began operating the lodge on nearby Mackie Lake.

One of James Proudfoot’s cabins sold to Judd for $35 and moved to Tooley Lodge. Around 1927 Judd and Louise used the cabin as a base and opened the lodge for business. Excellent fishing in Mackie, Fortune and Schooner Lakes attracted visitors from “nearby” Kingston and as far away as the states of Pennsylvania, New York, and Ohio. Judd used to say that you could almost walk across the backs of the speckled trout in the creek between Schooner and Fortune Lakes.

Guests arrived at the Tooley farm and from there were taken via horse driven wagon down a rough cart track to Mackie Lake. They were then rowed across the lake to the lodge.   A typical guiding day for Judd included rowing his fishermen across Mackie, walking with gear over to Long Schooner, rowing around the Schooners to the best fishing spots, and then back over to Mackie at the end of the day.

For years, patrons were rowed until the first outboard motor called “Champion” was acquired. The Champion is shown in  the photo of Clarence & Irma Tooley and her Mother, Mrs. Blackman.  In later years, several guides were hired to accompany clients on daily fishing trips, which included shore lunches with homemade bread, beans, potatoes & onions and freshly fried fish.

Judd’s wife Louise cooked for 40 years at the lodge, with help from 2 or 3 other women. Daily they made 10- 12 loaves of bread and full course meals with homemade pies. Since there was no electricity, all the water (cooking and laundry) was hauled up from the lake. The fridge was almost eight feet tall, oak on the outside, with lead doors. Two large blocks of ice would keep the fridge and its contents cold for at least two days. For approximately three weeks in mid-winter, ice for the fridges and water coolers was cut from the lake in front of the lodge. The ice blocks were sawn by hand, pulled from the lake and hauled to the icehouse.  A gas-driven Delco system was installed to generate power.  Hydro-electricity arrived in the late fifties.
The lodge was open from the beginning of fishing season (around May 1st) to the end of deer hunting season in the late fall (mid-November). Boats or sleighs carried every bit of food, supplies and building material across the lake. A platform over two boats transported horses two at a time with one man steadying the horses.  In 1972, the Ministry of Natural Resources built a forest access road to Long Schooner Lake and it was only at this point that Tooley Lodge became accessible by vehicle other than boat, snowmobile, or airplane.

Judd and Louise’s son Herb and his wife Grace took over the lodge in 1974. They continued the tradition of providing great fishing and hunting experiences, tasty home cooked meals and friendly and helpful advice. Herb and Grace retired in 2004, and currently (2017) the lodge is operated by Larry Kroetsch.

A standing room only crowd welcomed a display of indigenous artifacts found in the Township to the Tay Valley Council chambers on Harper Road last Saturday.

Reeve Keith Kerr opened the proceedings followed by a ceremonial smudging of the artifacts by Shabot Obaadjiwan ambassador Larry McDermott and songs from the Lanark Drum circle led by Francine Desjardins.

“Tobacco is the medicine of reciprocity,” McDermott said. “It connects us with our ancestors in the spirit world.

“Sweetgrass represents the hair of Mother Earth with generosity and peace.

“Sage is a cleansing medicine.

“Cedar is balance, male/female and it unites opposites.”

He said the smudging was done in a clockwise direction and “tobacco connects us to the ancestors of these artifacts and all of our ancestors.”

Maberly’s Brenda Kennett, a principal with Past Recovery Archeological Services, curated the display and spoke on their use and possible origins.

“This is just a small sample from the Perth Museum and often we don’t have good information as to where they came from,” she said. “They could be 3,000 to 9,000 years old but they are evidence of 10,000 years of human settlement in Southern Ontario and along the western end of the Champlain Sea during the Archaic Period.

But, the fact that the artifacts were found in this area suggests that there was a trading network.

Kennett referred to a pipe that “is not from this area” and a copper fishing gaff.

“The closest source of native copper is from the southern end of Lake Superior,” she said. “But there is mica in this area and that was probably traded for the copper.

“It represents a network for trade and the exchange of ideas.”

She said about 2,000 years ago, pottery started appearing, during the Woodland Period.

“Pottery collections here are frustrating because they lack context,” she said. “For example, was it a single artifact left on a journey, part of a regular location used at a particular time of the years or part of a year-round settlement?”

The artifacts will be on display in the lobby of the municipal offices throughout the year. For more information about the process of reconciliation, contact the Lanark County Neighbours for Truth and Reconciliation who helped organize the event on Facebook.